Rhetorical Fallacies
Basically a
fallacy is something that is presented as a true statement when in fact it is
well wrong.
We use fallacies
every day in day to day conversations and let’s not even get into the art of
debate and persuasion.
Any way here’s a
basic APLang review for the most common ones.
Ad Hominem Argument
Argument that is
pointing out or addressing a specific individual or person.
Key word is “Hominem”
which in Latin means to the man.
Kids tend to use
this fallacy the most because it’s an easy way to defend or attack a person for
example “You can't believe Jack
when he says there isn't any God because he doesn't even have a job.”
False Authority
We tend to agree with the writers ideas or claims because of
his or her authority. Usually when the writers are well known or famous in any
way they end up having a big influence.
Example:
“This is the best foreign movie that had hit
the box offices this week- it’s bounf to win an Oscar nomination.”- Andressa
“This is the best foreign movie that had hit
the box offices this week- it’s bounf to win an Oscar nomination.”- Steven
Speilberg
Ok so let’s be honest after listening to both
of us I’m guessing Spielberg will have a
bigger influence when it comes to making a decision of buying the movie or not.
Appeal to Ignorance
Assumption that whatever has not been proven
false must be true and vice-versa. Almost like the basic human right that
states that were innocent till proven guilty. This is something that will surely
help me remember.
Example:
“No one has been able to disprove the theory
that mermaids exist; therefore mermaids do exist.”
Begging the Question
Form of argument where someone assumes that everything a person says are proven facts.
Example: "The belief in
God is universal. After all, everyone believes in God."
It would be logical that this person first try
to prove to you that God exists before making such a conclusion.
Hasty Generalizations
A conclusion that is based on insufficient evidence
to support its validity.
Example: “ The AP Language exam is the hardest
AP exam of all. Last year my two best friends got a 1 as their final score.”
In this case it could be that my friend was
taking the course as an obligation and guessed on the multiple choice. There is
not enough evidence about the content to convince me that it is a hard exam.
Non Sequitor
A
statement that does not relate to what comes after it.
Example: “I lived in
a house without a basement. That house flooded. Houses without basements will
definitely flood.”
There is no logical connection between floods and
houses without a basement.
Slippery Slope
I take it as the phrase “Well that escalated
quickly”
Example:
“ If we stop enforcing the school uniform on the
student next thing we know they are all coming to class in pajamas.”
The Classroom Wall
Wrathful: full of fierce and anger.
Nuance: a subtle difference in color, meaning, tone,
etc.; a shade or graduation
Analogy: Similarity between the features of two things,
on which a comparison can be made.
Bellicose:
Warlike or hostile temperament.
Syllogism:
Deductive reasoning.